157 research outputs found
Gravity wave turbulence revealed by horizontal vibrations of the container
We experimentally study the role of the forcing on gravity-capillary wave
turbulence. Previous laboratory experiments using spatially localized forcing
(vibrating blades) have shown that the frequency power-law exponent of the
gravity wave spectrum depends on the forcing parameters. By horizontally
vibrating the whole container, we observe a spectrum exponent that does not
depend on the forcing parameters for both gravity and capillary regimes. This
spatially extended forcing leads to a gravity spectrum exponent in better
agreement with the theory than by using a spatially localized forcing. The role
of the vessel shape has been also studied. Finally, the wave spectrum is found
to scale linearly with the injected power for both regimes whatever the forcing
type used
Simulations of vibrated granular medium with impact velocity dependent restitution coefficient
We report numerical simulations of strongly vibrated granular materials
designed to mimic recent experiments performed both in presence or absence of
gravity. The coefficient of restitution used here depends on the impact
velocity by taking into account both the viscoelastic and plastic deformations
of particles, occurring at low and high velocities respectively. We show that
this model with impact velocity dependent restitution coefficient reproduce
results that agree with experiments. We measure the scaling exponents of the
granular temperature, collision frequency, impulse, and pressure with the
vibrating piston velocity as the particle number increases. As the system
changes from a homogeneous gas state at low density to a clustered state at
high density, these exponents are all found to decrease continuously with the
particle number. All these results differ significantly from classical
inelastic hard sphere kinetic theory and previous simulations, both based on a
constant restitution coefficient.Comment: to be published in Phys. Rev.
Wave turbulence on the surface of a ferrofluid in a horizontal magnetic field
We report observations of wave turbulence on the surface of a ferrofluid
submitted to a magnetic field parallel to the fluid surface. The magnetic wave
turbulence shows several differences compared to the normal field case reported
recently. The inertial zone of the magnetic wave turbulence regime is notably
found to be strongly increased with respect to the normal field case, and to be
well described by our theoretical predictions. The dispersion relation of
linear waves is also measured and differs from the normal field case due to the
absence of the Rosensweig instability.Comment: in press in Phys. Rev. E (2011
Transition from a dissipative to a quasi-elastic system of particles with tunable repulsive interactions
A two-dimensional system of particles with tunable repulsive interactions is
experimentally investigated. Soft ferromagnetic particles are placed on a
vibrating rough plate and vertically confined, so that they perform a
horizontal Brownian motion in a cell. When immersed in an external vertical
magnetic field, the particles become magnetised and thus interact according to
a dipolar repulsive law. As the amplitude of the magnetic field is increased,
magnetic repulsion raises and the rate of inelastic collisions decreases.
Studying the pair correlation function and the particle velocity distributions,
we show that the typical properties of such a dissipative out-of-equilibrium
granular gas are progressively lost, to approach those expected for a usual gas
at thermodynamic equilibrium. For stronger interaction strengths, the system
gradually solidifies towards a hexagonal crystal. This new setup could
consequently be used as a model experimental system for out-of-equilibrium
statistical physics, in which the distance to the quasi-elastic limit can be
accurately controlled.Comment: Europhysics Letters (2014) accepted in EP
Energy flux measurement from the dissipated energy in capillary wave turbulence
We study experimentally the influence of dissipation on stationary capillary
wave turbulence on the surface of a fluid by changing its viscosity. We observe
that the frequency power law scaling of the capillary spectrum departs
significantly from its theoretical value when the dissipation is increased. The
energy dissipated by capillary waves is also measured and found to increase
nonlinearly with the mean power injected within the fluid. Here, we propose an
experimental estimation of the energy flux at every scale of the capillary
cascade. The latter is found to be non constant through the scales. For fluids
of low enough viscosity, we found that both capillary spectrum scalings with
the frequency and the newly defined mean energy flux are in good agreement with
wave turbulence theory. The Kolmogorov-Zakharov constant is then experimentally
estimated and compared to its theoretical value.Comment: Physical Review E (2013) submitted to PR
Nonlinear waves on the surface of a fluid covered by an elastic sheet
We experimentally study linear and nonlinear waves on the surface of a fluid
covered by an elastic sheet where both tension and flexural waves take place.
An optical method is used to obtain the full space-time wave field, and the
dispersion relation of waves. When the forcing is increased, a significant
nonlinear shift of the dispersion relation is observed. We show that this shift
is due to an additional tension of the sheet induced by the transverse motion
of a fundamental mode of the sheet. When the system is subjected to a random
noise forcing at large scale, a regime of hydro-elastic wave turbulence is
observed with a power-law spectrum of the scale in disagreement with the wave
turbulence prediction. We show that the separation between relevant time scales
is well satisfied at each scale of the turbulent cascade as expected
theoretically. The wave field anisotropy, and finite size effects are also
quantified and are not at the origin of the discrepancy. Finally, the
dissipation is found to occur at all scales of the cascade contrary to the
theoretical hypothesis, and could thus explain this disagreement.Comment: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (2013
Equation of state of a granular gas homogeneously driven by particle rotations
We report an experimental study of a dilute "gas" of magnetic particles
subjected to a vertical alternating magnetic field in a 3D container. Due to
the torque exerted by the field on the magnetic moment of each particle, a
spatially homogeneous and chaotic forcing is reached where only rotational
motions are driven. This forcing differs significantly from boundary-driven
systems used in most previous experimental studies on non equilibrium
dissipative granular gases. Here, no cluster formation occurs, and the equation
of state displays strong analogy with the usual gas one apart from a geometric
factor. Collision statistics is also measured and shows an exponential tail for
the particle velocity distribution. Most of these observations are well
explained by a simple model which uncovers out-of-equilibrium systems
undergoing uniform "heating".Comment: Europhysics Letters (2013) in pres
Direct numerical simulations of capillary wave turbulence
This work presents Direct Numerical Simulations of capillary wave turbulence
solving the full 3D Navier Stokes equations of a two-phase flow. When the
interface is locally forced at large scales, a statistical stationary state
appears after few forcing periods. Smaller wave scales are generated by
nonlinear interactions, and the wave height spectrum is found to obey a power
law in both wave number and frequency in good agreement with weak turbulence
theory. By estimating the mean energy flux from the dissipated power, the
Kolmogorov-Zakharov constant is evaluated and found to be compatible with the
exact theoretical value. The time scale separation between linear, nonlinear
interaction and dissipative times is also observed. These numerical results
confirm the validity of weak turbulence approach to quantify out-of equilibrium
wave statistics.Comment: Physical Review Letters (2014) in pres
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